Permanent waving apparatus



July 11, 19 A. G. JOHNSON PERMANENT WAVING APPARATUS Filed Dec. 22, 1936 CURRENT SUPPLY Patented July 11, 1939 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE 8 Claims.

An object of my invention is to provide permanent hair waving apparatus of simple, durable and inexpensive construction in which pad holding clamps are associated with a heat transfer plate 15 for heating pads held within the clamps, which pads and clamps upon becoming heated throughout are placed on coiled hair for the purpose of setting a wave therein.

A further object is to provide apparatus for use in connection with pad holding clamps for the purpose of heating the clamps and the pads held thereby, the apparatus including a heat transfer plate for transferring heat from a heating element to the pad holders, the plate being provided with projections with which the jaws of the .25 which is especially adaptable for use in connection with the operation of permanently waving hair by the use of preheated clamps and pads, the pads being treated with oil or the like and the pads and clamps being placed on coiled hair to set the wave therein after the clamps and pads are thoroughly heated from the heat transfer plate.

Another object is to provide a preformed cover of heavy foil or thin sheet metal for the heat transfer plate which is readily removable for the purpose of replacing it with a clean sheet of foil when the old one becomes soiled and discolored from the oil of the pads coming in contact therewith.

A further object is to provide a heat transfer plate for hair curling clamps which is electrically heated, and to provide means for automatically controlling the temperature of the plate to prevent overheating of the pad clamps.

With these and other objects in view, my invention consists in the construction, arrangement and combination of the various parts of the device, whereby the objects contemplated are attained, as hereinafter more fully set forth, pointed out in my claims, and illustrated in the accompanying drawing, in which:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of the heat transfer plate and its casing which forms a part of my permanent waving apparatus, the pad holding clamps being omitted from this figure.

Figure 2 is an enlarged sectional view on the line 2--2 of Figure 1 showing two of the pad clamps in end elevation andin position for receiving heat from the transfer plate.

Figure 3 is an enlarged sectional View on the line 3-3 of Figure 2 showing the temperature 5 responsive bulb of an automatic controller in the heat transfer plate and showing a plan view of one of the pad holding clamps.

Figure 4 is an enlarged sectional view of the portion of Figure 2 within the circle 4 illustrating 10 the terminal ends of the clamp and their intimate contact with the heat transfer plate and its cover.

Figure 5 is a sectional view showing an end elevation of one of the pad clamps in position on a coil of hair for heating it and thereby setting a 15 wave therein; and

Figure 6 is an electro-diagrammatical View of the heating element for the heat transfer plate and the controlling mechanism therefor.

On the accompanying drawing I have used the 20 reference numeral 10 to indicate generally a casing which may be suitably formed of sheet metal or any suitable composition. Within the casing H) a heat transfer plate P is provided which is preferably formed of aluminum or similar metal 5 having the property of quickly transmitting heat.

The plate P has a plurality of longitudinally extending spaced ribs 12, upstanding side and end flanges I4 and I6 and depending end and side flanges l8 and 20. 30

Positioned within the flanges l8 and 20 is a heating element H which may consist of a casing 22 within which is positioned a coiled resistance wire 24 embedded in suitable insulating material 26. The heating element H may be retained in 35 position by any suitable means such as screws 28 extending through the end flanges l8 and into the heating element. If desired, the heating element H and heat transfer plate P may be embedded in heat insulating material 30' to prevent 40 undesired radiation of heat, and consequently waste thereof. Angle members 32 are illustrated within the casing Ill for supporting the insulating material 30 and the heat transfer plate P.

The top of the casing 50 is open so that the top 5 of the plate P is exposed so that curling pad holding clamps C may be associated with the ribs [2. The clamps C are formed of two elements having knife-edged and V-seat types of pivotal connections at 34, which are retained together by springs 50 36. The springs also serve to bias the clamp portions or jaws of the clamp toward each other. The clamps are adapted for containing pads 38 which are oiled or suitably treated with a chem- 109.1. 55

Each clamp jaw is provided with a handle 40 whereby upon pinching the handles between the thumb and finger of the operator, the clamp can be opened. After the pads 38 are inserted in the clamps, the clamps are opened and clamped on the ridges E2, the plate P being preferably of suficient size to contain some three dozen clamps or so, which is the maximum number of the particular size shown that can be applied to the head of a person.

The oil or chemical of the pads 38, if there is any excess thereof, can run out of the clamps C, and accordingly I preferably provide a cover 42 for the plate P and its ridges or ribs I2. This cover may be formed of thin sheet metal or relatively heavy foil and is preferably preformed so that it accurately fits the upper surface of the plate and the sides and tops of the ribs. When it becomes soiled or discolored it can be readily removed and another one placed in position, the left end of the cover in Figure 2 being illustrated in partly raised position.

The terminal ends of the jaws of the clamp C are indicated at id in Figure 4. These are formed at the same angle as the sides of the ribs l2 so as to snugly and accurately fit these sides when the foil cover 32 is interposed between the ribs and the clamps. This provides for maximum heat transmission from the heat transfer plate P, the springs aiding in maintaining a good contact. Also the clamps are thereby held against accidental displacement from the heat transfer plate.

The temperature of the plate P may be accurately controlled by a control switch, such for instance as one of the type having an actuating bellows it (see Figure 6) and a temperature responsive bulb 38. The bulb 58 may be retained in a groove til of the rear flange E6 of the'plate P by a pair of screws orbolts 52. The bellows 46 upon increase of temperature past a certain point opens the switch contacts 54 for breaking the circuit of the resistance wire 25.

I have found that between 340 and 410 are suitable limits for the temperature of the plate P. This temperature may be varied for instance by an adjusting arrangement shown by way of example in Figure 6 as a rod 56 screw threadedly associated with the head of the bellows 46. The bellows '36 is encased in a casing 58. The base of the bellows is sealed relative to the casing 58 and is attached to a control switch casing 60 suitably mounted in the casing Ill and provided with a removable cover 62.

A snap switch G l may also be provided for turning the current on when it is desirable to heat some of the clamps C, and for turning it off after the heating operation has been completed.

7 After the clamps C and their pads 38 have been heated to the proper degree, they are placed on the coils of hair indicated at 66 in Figure 5, which are wound around curling rods 68. The head of the customer is indicated at T9, and the curling rod 68 is held in a frame 72, such as shown in my co-pending application filed August 4, 1937, Serial Number 157,326.

By providing the contact at 44 with the ribs of the plate P I secure maximum heat transmission from the plate to the clamps for thereby heating the pads and clamps quickly, and with the greatest possible efiiciency.

The terminal ends 44 of the jaws is the only part thereof which need be machined, these, of course, being accurately finished to the proper angle for contact throughout their width with the sides of the ribs l2.

When the apparatus is not in use, a cover (not shown) may be positioned on the upper edges of the flanges i and i6 and lit snugly within the opening in the top of the casing IE] to exclude dust.

Some changes may be made in the construction and arrangement of the parts of my device without departing from the real spirit and purpose of my invention, and it is my intention to cover by my claims any modified forms of structure or use of mechanical equivalents which may be reasonably included within their scope.

I claim as my invention:

1. Ina permanent waving apparatus, a heat transfer plate having a rib, an electric circuit, an electric heating element in the circuit for heating said plate and rib and a pad holding clamp having a pair of jaws and spring means to urge said jaws into surface contact with said rib whereby to provide for transmission of heat from said heating element through said heat transfer plate and rib and a pad adapted to be held in said pad holding clamp while in position on the rib and means in control of the circuit for said heating element and having a surface contact with said heat transfer plate and responsive to the temperature thereof to regulate the temperature of the plate.

2. In a permanent waving apparatus, a heat transfer plate having a projecting rib, means for heating said plate and a member provided with a pad partially covering the inner surface adapted to be heated by said heating means and subsequently placed on hair to be curled, said member having a pair of jaws adapted to have the exposed inside surface thereof clamped upon opposite sides of the rib whereby to provide for transmission of heat from the heating means to said member, the planes of the terminal ends of said jaws being formed in a direction so as to coincide withside planes of said rib when said member is in heat receiving position on said heat transfer plate.

3. In a permanent waving apparatus, a heat transfer plate having a projecting rib, means for heating said plate, a member to be heated by said heating means and subsequently placed on hair to be curled and a removable foil cover for said heat transfer plate and its rib, said member having a pair of jaws to grip the foil cover on opposite sides of the rib whereby to provide for ready transmission of heat from said heating .means, through said cover to said member.

4. In a permanent waving apparatus, a heat transfer plate having a projecting rib, means for heating said plate, a member to be heated by said heating means and subsequently placed on hair to be curled and a removable foil cover for said heat transfer plate and its rib, said member having a pair of jaws to grip the foil cover on opposite sides of the rib whereby to provide for transmission of heat from said heating means to said member, the terminal ends of said jaws closely fitting said foil cover and rib when said member is in heat receiving position on said heat transfer plate.v

5. In a permanent waving apparatus, a heat transfer plate having a rib, an electric heating element for heating said plate and rib and a pad holding clamp having a pair of jaws to grip said rib whereby to provide for transmission of heat from said heating element through said heat transfer plate and rib to a pad held in said pad holding clamp and means in control of the circuit for said heating element and responsive to the temperature of said heat transfer plate to regulate the temperature of the plate, the terminal ends of said jaws having a shape adapted to closely fit the sides of said rib when said mem-- her is in heat receiving position on said heat transfer plate.

6. In a permanent waving apparatus, a heat transfer plate having a rib, an electric heating element for heating said plate and rib and a pad holding clamp having a pair of jaws to grip said rib whereby to provide for transmission of heat from said heating element through said heat transfer plate and rib to a pad held in said pad holding clamp and means in control of the circuit for said heating element and responsive to the temperature of said heat transfer plate to regulate the temperature of the plate, and a removable foil cover for said heat transfer plate and its rib, said member having a pair of jaws to grip the foil cover on opposite sides of the rib whereby to provide for ready transmission of heat from said heating means to said member.

'7. In a permanent waving apparatus, a heated plate, a hair curling pad holder having jaws to grip a portion of said plate to receive heat therefrom and a removable thin metal cover for said plate and interposed between said portion of the plate and said jaws of said hair curling pad holder.

8. In a device of the class described, a heated plate having projections, a removable thin metal cover for said plate and its projections adapted to be removed for cleaning and replacement and hair curling pad holders having jaws to fit and grip said projections, a spring on the holder adapted to press the jaws thereof against the cover and to press the cover against said ribs to reduce resistance to the flow of heat through the space between the plate and the jaws.

ANTHON G. JOHNSON. 

